Global drought is one of the main challenges in agricultural sustainability throughout the world. This phenomenon is characterized by a continuous decrease in rainfall and an increase in average temperatures, which has a direct impact on the availability of water for irrigation. Additionally, climate change is contributing to the frequency and intensity of droughts, posing a serious threat to global food security. Agriculture is a sector that relies heavily on water, and drought has a significant impact. Crop production, which includes rice, wheat, and corn, is severely affected by the lack of water. A decline in crop yields can trigger a food crisis, especially in developing countries where irrigation systems are often inadequate. Reducing crop yields is not only a matter of quantity, but also quality. Plants that lack water often produce smaller, less nutritious seeds. In the long term, this drought could lead to the loss of local varieties, which could reduce agricultural genetic diversity. Genetic diversity is essential for plant resistance to disease and climate change. Adaptation to drought is important to maintain agricultural sustainability. Some approaches include using plant varieties that are more resistant to dry conditions, as well as environmentally friendly farming techniques such as agroforestry. Agroforestry not only helps improve water conservation, but also increases soil fertility and biodiversity. Water conservation practices, such as efficient irrigation management, are also necessary. Modern technology, including drip irrigation systems and soil moisture sensors, can optimize water use. By implementing this technology, farmers can reduce water consumption while maintaining optimal agricultural yields. Governments and international institutions also need to be involved in formulating policies that support sustainable agriculture. Investment in irrigation infrastructure, research and development of drought-resistant varieties, as well as outreach to farmers is urgently needed. This support can increase farmers’ ability to adapt to the impacts of drought. Sustainable agricultural activities also contribute to climate change mitigation. Through organic farming and agroecological practices, greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced. By increasing carbon sequestration by soil and vegetation, agriculture can serve as a solution to the challenge of climate change. The transition to sustainable agriculture that is resilient to drought also requires financial support. Financing and insurance programs for drought-affected farmers can help them get back on their feet. Without this support, many farmers may be forced to leave the agricultural sector, potentially threatening their food security and livelihoods. Education about water management and sustainable agricultural practices must start early. Schools and educational institutions can play an important role in raising awareness about the importance of water conservation and environmentally friendly farming methods. This will build a generation of farmers who are more aware of the challenges they face and how to overcome them. The importance of collaboration between government, society and the private sector cannot be ignored. By creating partnerships focused on innovation research and development, we can find creative solutions to drought problems. This collaboration can create initiatives that not only support farmers, but also ensure the sustainability of the ecosystem as a whole. The global drought is putting great pressure on the agricultural sector. Through collective efforts, technological adaptations and environmentally friendly practices, we can build a more sustainable and resilient agriculture. Agricultural sustainability is not just about food production, but also about protecting the environment and the lives of the people who depend on it.