Recent Volcano Eruptions: Environmental and Societal Impact Volcanoes are one of nature’s most impressive and dangerous phenomena. Most recently, the eruption of Mount Semeru in Indonesia rocked many surrounding areas. With increasing volcanic activity, it is important to understand the impacts on both the environment and society. The environmental impacts of volcanic eruptions are diverse. First, the eruption produces volcanic ash which spreads far in all directions. This ash not only covers agricultural land, but also pollutes water sources, threatening the quality and availability of clean water. In addition, falling ash can cause plant rot, resulting in losses in the agricultural sector. Second, eruptions are often accompanied by lava flows. These flows, which are a mixture of water, soil and volcanic material, can damage infrastructure such as roads and bridges, and destroy natural habitats. Habitat loss threatens the survival of local flora and fauna. In addition, eruptions can change topography, cause the formation of lakes, or even change the course of rivers. From the community side, the socio-economic impacts of volcanic eruptions are very pronounced. People living around mountains are often forced to flee due to safety threats. This evacuation process raises new challenges, including shortages of food and other basic needs. In addition, psychological trauma resulting from disasters often disrupts people’s mental stability. This disaster also had an impact on the local economy. The tourism sector, which relies on natural beauty and volcanic activity, could experience a sharp decline after the eruption. Local businesses lost income, and many workers lost their livelihoods. In some cases, the need to rehabilitate land and communities requires all available resources, draining government budgets. Apart from the immediate impact, volcanic eruptions can also cause long-term problems. Changes in local climate due to smoke and gases released can influence weather patterns. Additionally, changing landscapes can affect the migration and adaptation of animal species, potentially leading to a decline in biodiversity in the area. It is important for the government and related institutions to regularly monitor and investigate volcanic activity. Education about disaster mitigation and building disaster-resistant infrastructure are crucial steps to reduce the risks faced by society. An appropriate post-eruption rehabilitation program is also urgently needed to support community and environmental recovery. In the midst of these threats, communities must remain alert and ready to face the possibility of further eruptions. Awareness of the existence of this risk can increase community resilience to disasters. With a planned and responsive approach, the impact of volcanic eruptions can be minimized, so that people can quickly recover and continue their lives.